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Date
palm cultivar composition of Moroccan palm groves as revealed by leaf
isoenzyme phenotypes. تشكلة أصناف نخل التمر بالواحات المغربية من خلال
الأشباه الأنزيمية
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Date production (quantity and quality) is always related to cultivar composition of the palm groves. Cultivated varieties are generally identified by their fruit characteristics (shape, weight, colour, aspect of skin, consistency, texture, etc.). All of these criteria could easily be modified by the conditions of date palm culture. Their appearance take about 6 years of culture (slow flowering and fruiting).Based on isoenzyme electrophoresis, 28 reputed cultivars of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), previously characterized by morphological characters, were identified using the more variable enzyme systems in the date palm: esterases (EST), endopeptidases (ENP) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), which showed, respectively, eight, six and seven electrophoretic phenotypes in leaf material A-G).1- Variétés (cultivars) de palmier dattier. 2- Culture des tissus chez le palmier dattier 3- vitro-clones de palmier dattier au Maroc 4- Palmier dattier au Maghreb 5- Sauver les palmiers au Maroc 6- Palmier dattier au Maghreb. principaux stress -7- Embryogenèse somatique, mycorhization du palmier dattier - Date palm clones. Inflorescences and offshoots --
The phenotype combinations lead to an isoenzyme-based key for date palm cultivar determination. Cultivar composition of 11 date palm groves, differing in their geographical origins, were compared. Unidentified material represented about 67% (+11%) of each date palm grove with the exception of populations at M'hamid and Rissani.
List of date palm cultivars BSK: Bou-Skri, BFGM: Bou-Feggouss ou Moussa, BSTB: Bou-Sthammi Blanche, BZG: Bou-Zeggar, HOA: Haoua, RLM: Race Lahmar, BSTN: Bou-Sthammi Noire, MST: Mest Ali, JHL: Jihel, OMH: Oum N'hall, AHD: Ahardane, BCD: Bou-Cerdoun, BIT: Bou-Ittob, OTK: Outoukdim, MLB: Mah L'Beid, TDMT: Tadmemt, ADM: Admou, BAZ: Bel Hazit, MKT: Mekht, SLY: Sair Layalet, AZO: Azigzao, IKL: Iklane, BFG: Bou-Feggouss, BTD: Bou-Temda, BSL: Bou-Slikhene, BIJ: Bou-Ijjou, AIB: Aissa Ioub, MJH: Mejhoul This result confirmed the predominance of date palms derived from germinated seeds and called locally 'khalts'. The most frequent cultivars within the 11 date palm groves were Jihel and Bou-Feggouss, which exhibit good fruit qualities. Based on the cultivar composition of each population, the factorial component analysis showed that the Marrakech date palm grove, situated at the northern side of High Atlas, was related to date palm groves of Skoura, Ait Atman, Ksar Jdid and Ksar Sifa. Date palm populations of Zagora, M'hamid and Rissani, eachrepresented a unique type, were characterized by cultivars Bou-Sthammi Noire, Bou-Skri (and Iklane) and Bou-Feggouss, respectively. Cultivar compositions of date palm groves, determined separately on the basis of isoenzymes phenotypes and fruit qualities, were compared and discussed. For more details see Biochemical Systematics andEcology 26 (1998) , 71-82 Selected publications , communications and thesis PUBLICATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS BAAZIZ, M. 2011. Reconstitution des palmeraies. Rôle de la recherche scientifique . إعادة
إعمار واحات النخيل بالمغرب. دور البحث العلمي في مواكبة تنمية الواحات AZEQOUR,
M., AMSSA, M. & BAAZIZ, M. 2002. Identification de la variabilité
intra-clonale des vitroplants de palmier dattier issus de culture in
vitro par organogenèse. Etude morphologique. C. R. Biologies
325, 947-956. BAAZIZ,
M., BENDIAB, K. 1994.
Amélioration génétique du palmier dattier
assistée par les marqueurs biochimiques et
moléculaires. In: Quel avenir pour
l'amélioration desplantes? AUPRL-UREF, Ed. John
Libbey Eurotext, Paris. pp.413-422. Thesis MAJOURHAT,
K. 2002. Etudes des aspects quantitatif et qualitatif des
peroxydases et des polyphénoloxydases du palmier dattier (Phoenix
dactylifera L.). Contributionà l'étude
de la diversité génétique de la
palmeraie de Marrakech et des nouvelles plantations. Thèse
de Doctorat en Biologie. Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech
(Morocco). Reports MEDRAOUI, L. 2000. Contributionà l'étude de la diversité génétique du palmier dattier(Phoenix dactylifera L.) par les marqueurs biochimiques et moléculaires. Optimisation des techniques d'extraction et de séparation des protéines, des enzymes et des acides nucléiques. Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures Approfondies. Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech (Morocco). |
Links: Cultivars du palmier dattier au Maroc (version Français) Date palm culture in the Maghreb countries Scientific research on date palm (Arabic) Recherche
dans biotech-ecolo et sites liés
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Accueil --- Biotechnologies classiques et
modernes ---Biodiversite
--- Diversité
génétique (mesures) --- Amélioration
génétique des plantes --- Environnement
--- Techniques --- Techniques-video
--- Annonces --- Newsletter
--- Tests
des connaissances-QCM --- Manifestations
scientifiques--- Techniques
--- E-books
--- Liens --- Contact / ( Sauver le palmier )
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| Date palm cultivars in Morocco | |