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Site traitant les biotechnologies classiques (culture des tissus, micropropagation,..) et modernes basees sur le DNA recombiné et dont résultent les transgenes et les OGMs (organisme génétiquement modifiés) . Les impacts positifs et negatifs des biotechnologies sur l'environnement sont discutés. |
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Date palm cultivar composition of Moroccan palm groves as revealed by leaf isoenzyme phenotypes. |
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Date production (quantity and quality) is always related to cultivar composition of the palm groves. Based on isoenzyme electrophoresis, 28 reputed cultivars of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), previously characterized by morphological characters, were identified using the more variable enzyme systems in the date palm. |
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Date production
(quantity and quality) is always related to cultivar composition of the
palm groves. Cultivated varieties are generally identified by their fruit
characteristics (shape, weight, colour, aspect of skin, consistency, texture,
etc.). All of these criteria could easily be modified by the conditions
of date palm culture. Their appearance take about 6 years of culture (slow
flowering and fruiting).
Based on isoenzyme electrophoresis, 28 reputed cultivars of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), previously characterized by morphological characters, were identified using the more variable enzyme systems in the date palm: esterases (EST), endopeptidases (ENP) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), which showed, respectively, eight, six and seven electrophoretic phenotypes in leaf material (see figure).
The phenotype combinations lead to an isoenzyme-based key for date palm cultivar determination. Cultivar composition of 11 date palm groves, differing in their geographical origins, were compared. |
Unidentified material represented about 67% (+11%) of each date palm grove with the exception of populations at M'hamid and Rissani. This result confirmed the predominance of date palms derived from germinated seeds and called locally 'khalts'. The most frequent cultivars within the 11 date palm groves were Jihel and Bou-Feggouss, which exhibit good fruit qualities. Based on the cultivar composition of each population, the factorial component analysis showed that the Marrakech date palm grove, situated at the northern side of High Atlas, was related to date palm groves of Skoura, Ait Atman, Ksar Jdid and Ksar Sifa. Date palm populations of Zagora, M'hamid and Rissani, eachrepresented a unique type, were characterized by cultivars Bou-Sthammi Noire, Bou-Skri (and Iklane) and Bou-Feggouss, respectively. Cultivar compositions of date palm groves, determined separately on the basis of isoenzymes phenotypes and fruit qualities, were compared and discussed. For more details see Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 26 (1998) , 71-82 |
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SELECTED PUBLICATIONS,
COMUNICATIONS AND THESIS. AZEQOUR, M., AMSSA, M. &
BAAZIZ, M. 2002. Identification de la variabilité intra-clonale
des vitroplants de palmier dattier issus de culture in vitro par
organogenèse. Etude morphologique. C. R. Biologies 325, 947-956. BAAZIZ, M., BENDIAB,
K. 1994.
Amélioration génétique du palmier dattier assistée par les marqueurs
biochimiques et moléculaires. In: Quel avenir pour l'amélioration
desplantes? AUPRL-UREF, Ed. John Libbey Eurotext, Paris. pp.413-422. PRINCIPAL THESIS
PRINCIPAL REPORTS MEDRAOUI, L. 2000. Contribution à l'étude de la diversité génétique du palmier dattier(Phoenix dactylifera L.) par les marqueurs biochimiques et moléculaires. Optimisation des techniques d'extraction et de séparation des protéines, des enzymes et des acides nucléiques. Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures Approfondies. Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech (Morocco). |
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