1. Plant diseases caused by fungi.
- Examples in cucurbitaceae
- Examples in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
2. Plant passive defenses against pathogens
- Anticipins
- Anticipins. Example
- Plant phenolics as passive defenses against pathogens :
-- Study 1: Toxic phenols against Verticilium albo-atrum growth (LeTourneau et al. (1957), Phytopathology 47, 602.
-- Study 2: Relation entre la toxicité des phénols vis à vis des chamignons et leur structure chimique (Rahouti et al. (1997), Actes Inst. Agron. Vet. (Maroc) 17, 165.
-- Study 3: Phenolics (preformed) act on fungi through inhibition and inactivation of enzymes produced by pathogens. Example of polygalacturonase (PG)
-- Study 4: Phenolics can suppress toxin production by pathogens or detoxify toxins.
3. Plant active defenses against pathogens
- Active defences involve Salicylic acid (SA), Jasmonic acid (JA) and Ethylene (ET).
- Mobilization of secondary metabolism:
-- Oxidized phenolics induce resistance
-- Phytoalexines
- Mobilization of primary metabolism:
-- Pathogenesis-Related (PR) Proteins.
-- Enzymes lytiques: chitinase, glucanase. Example of Chitinase of muskmelon
-- Peroxidase
4. Engineered plants for resistance against pathogens
- Examples of ingineered plants for resistance against pathogens
ENSEIGNEMENT DE MASTER
- - Cours du Master Biotechnologies et Amélioration des Plantes, Marrakech
- Travaux pratiques Master Biotechnologies et Amélioration des Plantes, Marrakech
Faculty of Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University
Marrakech, 40000, Morocco
Email: baaziz@uca.ac.ma
Phone: 212524434649 (post 513)
Fax: 212524434669